Photo Communication – Study Guides


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Chapter 2 - "The Camera"

Identify:
1. Major types of cameras
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2. Types of focusing devices
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3. Types of shutters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

4. Various speed settings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5. Panning
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

6. Aperture (F-stops)

(Know equivalencies)

(Know how to computer F-stop)
 
 



Chapter 3 - "Light and Lens"
+ pp. 63 & 79

1. Know the function of lenses
 
 

2. Define light and understand its properties and how it behaves.
 
 

a. Know properties related to wavelengths

b. Know:

Incident light

Reflected light

Angle of incident light

Refracted light

3. Know how a lens forms an image

4. Simple lenses

Know:

a. Positive lens

b. Negative lens

c. Focal point

d. Real image

e. Focal length

f. Virtual image

g. Focal plane

h. Circle of confusion
 
 
 

5. Compound lens

6.  Know:
          a. Spherical aberration

b. Astigmatism

c. Curvature of field

d. Resolving power

e. Flare


7. Speed of lens

8.  Know:

a. F# formula (understand relationship between focal length and diameter)

b. Image size related to focal length

c. Angle of view

d. Perspective


9. Depth of field

10. Know:

a. Relationship to aperture

b. Relationship between lens and subject distance

c. Relationship to focal length

d. Depth of field scale

e. Hyperfocal distance

          g.  Hyperfocal focussing

        f.  Zone focussing
 
 
 

11. Lens types

Know:

a. Short focal length lenses (names, functions, strengths and weaknesses)
 
 

b. Long focal length lenses (names, functions, strengths and weaknesses)




Chapter 4 - "Film and Filters"

1. Film design (draw and label cross section)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2. Chemistry of emulsion
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3. 6 black and white film characteristics:
 

a. Color sensitivity
 
 

b. Contrast
 
 

c. Light sensitivity
 
 

d. Grain
 
 

e. Resolving power
 
 

f. Acutance


 
 
 

4. Film exposure and density of negative (H. + D. curve)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5. Correction filters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

6. Contrast filters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

7. Neutral density filters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

8. Polarizing filters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

9. Ultraviolet (UV) filters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

10. Filter Factors (Exposure compensation for filters)
 
 
 
 



Chapter 5 - "Exposure"

1. Define:

a. Exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 

b. Normal exposure


 
 
 
 

2. Types of light meters - 4 types (by power)

a. Selenium
 
 
 
 
 
 

b. (Cds) cadmium sulfide
 
 
 
 
 
 

c. (Sbc) silicon blue
 
 
 
 
 
 

d. (GAP) gallium-arsenic phosphide
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3. 3 types (by light reception):

a. Reflected light meters
 
 
 
 

b. Incident light meter
 
 
 
 

c. Spot meter


 

4. Using reflected light meters
 

a. 18% gray
 
 

b. Taking an overall reading
 
 

c. Averaging values
 
 

d. Varying exposure to alter specific tones
 
 

e. Substitute readings


 

5. Using incident light meters
 
 
 
 
 
 

6. Using spot meters
 
 
 
 
 
 

7. Built-in light meters
 
 
 
 
 
 

8. (TTL) Through the lens meters (6 types):
 

a. Averaging meter
 
 
 
 

b. Center-weighted meter
 
 
 
 

c. Bottom-weighted meter
 
 
 
 

d. Spot meter
 


 
 
e. Dual meter
 



Chapter 6 - "Chemistry to Developing Process"
pp. 140-142, 150-151, and Chapter 7

1. Film developers (3 basic types)
 
 
 
 

2. Developing systems

a. One-shot

b. Replenishment

c. Compensating/semi-compensating

d. For extreme contrast problems

e. Push-processing
 

3. Developer ingredients (4 main) DANGER: OVER-DEVELOPING
 

a. Agent

b. Preservative

c. Accelerator

d. Restrainer

e. Acids


 

4. Stop Bath
 
 
 

        *DANGER OF OVER-STOPPING
 
 
 
 

5. Fixers DANGER: OVER-FIXING
 
 
 
 

6. Wash aids
 
 
 
 

7. Wetting Agents
 
 

8. Papers

a. Speed

b. Weights

c. Surface

d. Texture
 

e. Color

f.  Contrast