Required immunizations for Nicaragua

MMR, Polio and Td/Tdap

Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR), Polio:
These are serious diseases and are prevalent in developing countries.

  • All GC students should have received these vaccinations as a child.

Tetanus, Diphtheria (Td) or Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Tdap):
Tetanus results when bacteria enters the body through a break in the skin. Diphtheria produces severe effects in the nose, throat and airway. Pertussis or whooping cough is a bacterial infection that affects the respiratory system.

  • A booster shot within the last 5 years is required for SST.
  • Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends a booster dose of Tdap in place of one Td as an adult.

Hepatitis A

This disease is very common in developing countries. The virus produces an inflammation of the liver which can be severe. Transmission occurs by consuming contaminated food or water.

  • One injectable Hepatitis A vaccine prior to departure is required.
    • To get long-term protection, a booster between 6 and 12 months after the initial dose is recommended.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a serious disease caused by a virus that affects the liver. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage is a series of 3 injections over 6 months.

  • 2 of 3 vaccines are required prior to leaving on SST. 3rd vaccine due 6 months after 1st.

Typhoid

This disease is very common in developing countries and can be contracted from consumption of contaminated food or water.

  • Injectable vaccine: One dose to be repeated every two years for people who remain at risk.

Malaria

Malaria is a serious disease that occurs when an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a person, injecting malaria parasites into the blood. Symptoms are flu-like and may include high fevers, shaking chills, muscle aches, headache, nausea and fatigue.

  • Antimalarial medications used to prevent malaria in Nicaragua:
    • Primaquine — Preferred drug.  Blood test for G6PD deficiency is required.  Recommended by CDC.
    • Malarone, Chloroquine and Doxycycline are alternate choices.

After SST

  • Hepatitis A — A second dose 6 months after 1st is recommended for long term protection.
  • Hepatitis B — 3 doses are recommended. 3rd dose is required 6 months after 1st for long term protection.